To Compete or to Cooperate

How does Darwin’s concept of a competitive coexistence of organisms stand up against symbiosis, which implies mutual dependence?  A sustained development of living order is based on mutualism, which includes both networking and battling, cooperation and competition. For instance, according to Wikipedia, under Symbiosis, “the clownfish feeds on small invertebrates which otherwise potentially could harm the sea anemone, and the fecal matter from the clownfish provides nutrients to the sea anemone. The clownfish is additionally protected from predators by the anemone’s stinging cells, to which the clownfish is immune.” Perhaps we in need of a purer concept of evolution so that humans our institutions can reach the potential of our inbred...

Planes, Bridges and Institutions

Southwest Airline’s recent problem with cracks in plane fuselage is a serious wakeup for both the airline and Boeing. Fortunately, modern technology allows technicians to assay, that is, test material such as metal to analyze its strength and quality. And the fuselage of others planes have failed inspections. Lives are being saved. On August 1st, 2007 a rush hour collapse of the I-35 west bridge in Minneapolis sent dozens of cars into the Mississippi River, claiming the lives of 13 people. Following the tragedy, inspection of US bridges increased. Thirteen months later, Senator Barbara Boxer presented this fact before a Federal Committee Hearing: “the average age of a bridge in the National Bridge Inventory is 43 years old. Of approximately 600,000 bridges...